The Toritos of Pukara
Treasure of Andean Craftwork.
When we think of Peru as a destination, the mythic Machupicchu Citadel, the famous Nazca Lines or the wide variety of gastronomy offered by the capital, Lima, usually come to mind. Nevertheless, there are other equally fascinating cultural wonders such as the Toritos of Pukara.
The Toritos of Pukara are a very representative cultural and artistic manifestation of the department of Puno, located in southern Peru. These small bull-shaped ceramic pieces with striking shades have a great significance and history within the Andean culture.
It is a must for any traveler who wants to learn more about typical Peruvian art. Here are some reasons why you should consider including it in your travel experience in southern Peru.
1. It is an ancestral tradition
The inhabitants of the region are heirs of an ancient civilization rich in pottery that began more than 3,000 years ago, not only in the town of Pukara, but spread throughout the northern basin of Lake Titicaca. In pre-Hispanic times, they made llama-shaped statuettes (conopas or illas) for ritual purposes to favor the fertility of animals, especially herds of llamas and alpacas.
During the Spanish invasion, the use of these small pieces was prohibited by the extirpators of idolatries. Therefore, it was replaced by the bull, an animal introduced to America, producing amazement in the Andean man for the strong image it represents. Over time, the bull became an obligatory ritual element in the agricultural activities of the peasants and in the branding of livestock that took place during the feast of the Holy Trinity in May. Therefore, in the Andean cosmovision the bull is a sacred animal related to the procreation of livestock, fertility and happiness of marriages, it is also considered as the guardian of homes, that is why they are placed on the roofs of the houses.
2. It is an expression of art and creativity
The Toritos of Pukara are pieces of art, crafted with great skill by local artisans. Entire families are dedicated to the production of ceramics, they learn this skill since childhood and they improve it over the years. They believe that if someone is grumpy during the production of the torito, they should not continue working, because if they do, the pottery will be ruined. Each torito is unique, they are rough looking, imperfect, with the presence of flowers, with geometric details, ellipses, bright colors that make them attractive to the eye, and with a unique meaning. There is a hole in the back that represents fertilization; the handle represents the union of a man and a woman linked to marriage; the eyes represent the actions of the human being in relation to the world that surrounds us and introspection; the spirals emphasize that all that is given comes back to us.
The symbolic figure of the bull is the greatest artistic expression of a process of miscegenation, the result of the fusion of two cultures: Andean and Hispanic. Visiting the workshops of local artisans is a unique experience that will allow you to appreciate their art and creativity.
3. It is a picturesque village
Pukara is a charming and picturesque village that gives you the opportunity to learn about the culture and tradition of the Andean people of Peru. In addition to the bulls, the town of Pukara offers other interesting tourist attractions, such as the Santa Isabel temple of mestizo baroque style, built in the eighteenth century by Jesuit missionaries. The main square is a pleasant place to relax and interact with the local inhabitants. And do not forget to visit the Pukara Lithic Museum, which exhibits an impressive collection of monoliths, stone sculptures and ceramics of various sizes and shapes that belonged to the Pukara culture.
4. Sustainable tourism is practiced
Visiting Pukara is an opportunity to support sustainable tourism in Peru. When you buy the Pukara Toritos, you will be helping local artisans to keep this tradition alive, as well as preserving the culture and history of the area; at the same time, you will be supporting the local economy.
In summary, the Toritos de Pukara are a true cultural jewel of Peru’s most representative mestizo folk art. They are not only a sample of the art and skill of local artisans, but also a symbol of Andean culture and tradition. In addition, through the practice of sustainable tourism you will contribute to the economic sustenance of local artisans. If you are planning a trip to Peru, do not hesitate to include a stop at Pukara in your itinerary. You will not regret learning the secrets of the Toritos de Pukara and experiencing the hospitality of its people.
